The meta-analysis is honest about size, which is why it is worth citing. Typing wins on volume by a wide margin — typed notes hold far more words. Handwriting wins on the thing notes exist for: achievement, at Hedges’ g = 0.248 (p < 0.001) — small, and reliably there.
It also replaces a citation we used to lean on. For ten years the standard reference was Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014), which reported a much larger effect and then failed two replications — Morehead, Dunlosky and Rawson in 2019, and Urry and colleagues in 2021. Those failures did not disprove the finding; an effect this small is invisible to a single study of 142 people. But a claim is only as strong as the evidence a reader finds when they check, so we cite the meta-analysis and its real number.
One moderator matters more to Fluera than the headline. Test delay changed nothing. Factual versus conceptual questions changed nothing. But the chance to review the notes before assessment made the handwriting advantage larger. The value of writing by hand is not spent at the moment of writing — it is collected later, when you come back. That is the moment Fluera is built around.